Bacteria-Induced Calcite Precipitation for Engineering and Environmental Applications

Numerous engineering and environmental issues can be resolved using the bacterial-induced calcite precipitation (BCP), which has potential to environmentally friendly, sustainable, economical. In BCP, bacterial enzymes used substrates divalent cations bind negatively charged ions surface produce biocementation. Various metabolic pathways involved in ureolysis are principal that have been illustrated by most bacteria including Sporosarcina pasteurii, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida. Ammonia is produced these bacteria, toxic should eliminated. Therefore, BCP via carbonic anhydrase could a preferred option because end-products not toxic. The growing global requirement of ground improvement boosted demand for biostabilization its numerous benefits, issues. Dust suppression, remediated soil contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyl calcium ions, CO2 sequestration, proving friendly sustainable. Furthermore, fine-grained soils having pores smaller than 0.5 μm, enzyme-induced uses instead more suitable stabilize precipitating calcite. use as binders stability strengthening, innovative construction materials, subsurface barriers, impermeable crusts an emerging field. Calcite precipitated increases strength 20 times, resulting significant reduction compressibility. Similarly, reduced permeability up 99% broadens applicability. This review argues induced multiple approaches, urease expressing well free enzymes.